Research Data Management

Research data is a standalone scholarly output that can and should be cited, just like traditional research publications. When you reuse research data in your work, it is important to cite the source appropriately. Doing so not only gives credit to the data creator but also enables readers to trace and access the original dataset.

The structure and required elements of a data citation may vary depending on the academic discipline. However, a typical data citation should include the following components:

• Author: The individual(s) or organization responsible for creating the dataset.

• Publication Year: The year the dataset was published or made publicly available.

• Title: The official name or title of the dataset.

• Publisher/Distributor: The entity that hosts or distributes the data.

• Version/Edition: If applicable, the version or edition of the dataset.

• Resource Type: For example, dataset, data file, codebook, or database.

• Persistent Identifier: A stable URL or identifier such as a DOI, handle, ARK, or PURL.

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For comprehensive guidance on citation styles—including formatting rules, in‑text citations, and reference list conventions—please refer to the Education University of Hong Kong’s official guide on citation styles: Citing Information: Citation Styles. This resource covers commonly used formats such as APA and MLA and provides clear examples to help you enhance accuracy and consistency in your citations.