F - FINDABLE
Data should be easy to find for both humans and computers
Key Requirements:
Examples:
DOI Assignment
Research datasets assigned DOIs like "10.1234/example-dataset-2023"
Rich Metadata
Detailed descriptions including author, date, methodology, keywords
Repository Registration
Datasets indexed in services like DataCite, Google Dataset Search
A - ACCESSIBLE
Data should be accessible and retrievable by identifier using standardized protocols
Key Requirements:
Examples:
HTTP/HTTPS Access
Data accessible via standard web protocols with proper authentication
API Endpoints
RESTful APIs with clear documentation and access controls
Persistent Metadata
Metadata remains available even after data removal
I - INTEROPERABLE
Data should be interoperable and integrate with other data and work with applications or workflows
Key Requirements:
Examples:
Standard Formats
JSON, XML, CSV formats with standardized schemas
Controlled Vocabularies
Using ontologies like Gene Ontology, FAIR vocabularies
Linked Data
RDF, semantic web technologies for data linking
R - REUSABLE
Data should be well-described and reusable so they can be replicated and combined
Key Requirements:
Examples:
Open Licenses
Creative Commons, MIT, GPL licenses with clear usage terms
Provenance Information
Detailed history of data creation, processing, and modifications
Community Standards
Following discipline-specific data formats and metadata standards